Aim. To investigate the concentration of cytokines IL- 1β, IL-6, TNF- α, INF- γ in the peripheral blood of children with different clinical forms of rotavirus infection using flow cytofluorimetry.

   Materials and methods. 32 patients with moderate rotavirus infection aged 15 to 36 months were examined, 18 of them without inflammation of the upper respiratory tract (1st group, mean age 27 [22; 33] months) and 14 children with symptoms of upper respiratory tract inflammation (group 2, mean age 30 [27; 31] months). Control group - 19 children of the same age - 23 [20; 31] months. In serum of all children were determined: IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ. Cytokine concentrations were evaluated by flow fluorimetry. The obtained data were processed using the «STATISTICA-10» software package, Microsoft Excel 2010.

   Results. Serum concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, INF-γ cytokines were found to be increased in children regardless of the presence or absence of respiratory catarrhal syndrome in rotavirus infection compared to controls. The higher levels of IL-6, INF-γ were reported in serum, which were positively correlated with a clinic of rotavirus infection accompanied by symptoms of upper respiratory tract inflammation.

   Conclusions. The IL-6, serum INF-γ study may serve as an additional diagnostic criterion for extra-intestinal lesion in children with rotavirus infection.

   Aim of the study. To compare the levels of autoantibodies (AAB) to NMDA and dopamine receptors, to dopamine and the S100B protein in patients with schizophrenia treated with neuroleptics, and the levels of the same AAT in rats with chronic use of dopaminomimetics and their combined use with haloperidol.

   Material and methods. 93 patients with schizophrenia were examined. The levels of AAB (IgG) to dopamine receptors of types 1 and 2 (DR1 and DR2), NMDA receptors (NR1 and NR2A subunits), to dopamine and S100B protein were determined in blood serum. Rats (58 males) were administered with long-term intraperitoneal injections of: L-DOPA (25 mg/kg), or amantadine (5 mg/kg), or a combination of haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) with L-DOPA (25 mg/kg) or with amantadine (5 mg/kg). Control were administered with saline. After the use of drugs in animals, the levels of similar AABs in the blood serum were also determined. The severity of the correlation between the level of AAB was assessed.

   Results. The average level of studied AABs in patients with schizophrenia was increased. A strong relationship was found between AAB to the S100B protein to NR2A and to dopamine. Administration of dopaminomimetics to rats caused an increase in AAB to neuroreceptors. When administered with L-DOPA, the relationship of AAB to the S100B protein with the level of AAB to NR2A and dopamine was detected. When combined with haloperidol, the correlation of AAB to the S100B protein with other AAB was eliminated. When using amantadine, an association of AAB to the S100B protein with the level of AAB to NR2A, DR1 and dopamine was established. When combined with haloperidol, AAB connections to the S100B protein with AAB to NR1, NR2A and dopamine were revealed.

   Conclusion. Modeling hyperdopaminergia in rats forms an autoimmune profile similar to that in patients with schizophrenia in relation to NMDA and dopamine receptors.

     The aim of the research. Assess the functional state of the liver, MELD and Child-Pugh indices, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with liver cirrhosis, depending on the outcome of hospitalization; apply the NLR indicator in one’s own clinical practice.

   Materials and methods. 69 patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis were examined. A standard examination was performed (CBC and biochemical blood tests, ultrasound, upper endoscopy), Child-Pugh and MELD indices, NLR index (by dividing the absolute number of neutrophils by the absolute number of lymphocytes) were calculated for each patient.

   Results. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the outcome of hospitalization: survivors (47/68 %) and dead (22/32 %). The groups did not differ in sex and age, in the portal hypertension severity. Among dead patients higher Child-Pugh [13 (12-13) vs 10 (8-11); p < 0.0001] and MELD indices [28 (25-34.5) vs 13 (9-18); p < 0.0001] were naturally observed. The NLR index was also significantly higher among dead patients with liver cirrhosis: 12.8 (5.7-18.7) vs 2.6 (1.8-3.8) (p < 0.0001). Low NLR (less than 1) was equally common in both groups: 8.5 % vs 4.6 % (p = 0.55); from 1 to 6 more often occurred in the group of survivors: 80.9 % vs 22.7 % (p < 0.0001); more than 6 - significantly more common in the group of dead patients: 72.7 % vs 10.6 % (p < 0.0001). A positive statistically significant correlation was found between the NLR index and CRP (ρ = 0.67; p < 0.05), NLR and MELD (ρ = 0.52; p < 0.05).

   Conclusion. Thus, NLR proved to be a good and accessible indicator of the risk of a lethal outcome among patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis during the current hospitalization. NLR more than 6 can be used in wide clinical practice as a predictor of adverse outcome in the current hospitalization in patients with liver cirrhosis.

   The aim of the research. The comparative analysis of the skinfold measurement and ultrasonography of the subcutaneous tissue in the adolescent females of the andromorphic, mesomorphic and gynecomorphic body types.

   Materials and methods. The study comprised of 214 participants, they were female students of Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University. The participants were estimated by anthropometry. The females were divided into 3 groups (andromorphic, mesomorphic and gynecomorphic morphotypes) by the J. M. Tanner’s index of sexual dimorphism. The subcutaneous tissue thickness of the 8 human body regions was measured by the skinfold measurement and ultrasound diagnostics. The research data was analyzed by SPSS v. 22.0. The data wasь non-parametric and analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

   Results. The largest group of the females was the mesomorphic morphotype (67.3 %), participants of the gynecomorphic and andromorphic body types were found four times less (17.3 % and 15.4 %, respectively). The andromorphic body type females had larger height and weight. Results of the skinfold measurement and ultrasound diagnostics shown larger thickness of the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the anterior surface of the arm, back and above the pectoralis major. Females of the gynecomorphic body type had smaller sizes of the skinfold then andromorphic ones. The mesomorphic females had intermediate sizes of the skinfold between andromorphic and gynecomorphic body types.

   Conclusion. All of the examined females had gynoid fat distribution. The andromorphic females had larger the total and transverse dimensions of the body, their sizes of the skinfolds of the trunk and limbs were bigger too. The latter can be responsible for development of obesity and other diseases. Between dates of the skinfold measurement and ultrasonography of the subcutaneous tissue in the adolescent females were established Spearman's rank correlation coefficient meaning from 0.4 to 0.7, which suggests using ultrasonography measurement as an objective method for determining the thickness of the subcutaneous tissue in the adolescent females of various morphotypes.

   Multiple organ failure (MOF) in patients with severe ischemic stroke (IS) determines the severity of the clinical course and appear an unfavorable prognostic factor for the outcome of the disease. Changes in the concentration of inflammatory mediators in the blood serum, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP), may have a prognostic value in the outcome assessing.

   The aim of the research is to reveal the prognostic value of the inflammatory markers concentration in patients with severe IS and MOF.

   Materials and methods. A prospective observational study included 30 patients with severe IS. To determine and assess the severity of MOF, scales SAPS II, SOFA were used on the 1^st and 5^th days of hospitalization. A fatal outcome within 28 days from the onset of the disease was accepted as an unfavorable. The serum concentration of IL-6, IL-10, PCT and CRP was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on the 1^st and 5^th days of hospitalization.

   Results. In the group of patients with an unfavorable outcome, compared with surviving patients, on the 5^th day of hospitalization, a higher concentration of IL-6 (p = 0.0136) and PCT (p = 0.0289), a greater increase in the concentration of IL-6 from the 1^st to 5^th day (p = 0.0136) were observed. According to the ROC-analysis, IL-6 has the highest prognostic ability: area under ROC curve (AUC) is 0,838, in optimal cut-off point value of 37,51 pg/ml sensitivity of predictor is 85,7 % and specificity is 73,3 %. PCT characterize by a good level of discrimination (AUC 0,80), IL-10 has middle prognostic ability (AUC 0,737).

   Conclusion. The concentration of markers of systemic inflammation and its dynamics in the acute period are a significant prognostic factor in the outcome of severe IS with the MOF.

   The aim of the research. We aimed to analyze some aspects of endodontic treatment associated with the use of vital and devital methods, instruments and medicines preferred by doctors, root canal treatment techniques, as well as the influence of endodontic morphology on the development of complications and methods of retreatment.

   Materials and methods. We conducted an anonymous survey of dentists. The questionnaire contained 23 questions about the frequency of use of devitalizing pastes, methods of root canal treatment and their complications, detection of additional root canals, their treatment characteristics, identification of endodontic perforations and methods of their closure. 42 dentists who enrolled dentistry cycles in 2022 answered the questions. To compare the data obtained, the method of calculating the Pearson χ² criterion with an assessment of the significance of differences (p) was used. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.

   Results. We revealed a sharp predominance of the use of arsenic-free pastes in the treatment of pulpitis (90 %, p = 0.03). Molars in both jaws required endodontic treatment more frequently compared to other types of teeth. The machine technology of root canal processing with the help of rotary NiTi-files was the most important option. The most popular was the Protaper rotary file system (or its varieties Universal, next (52 %, p < 0.05). Additional root canals were most often detected in molars - 81.9 %, with lower molar accounting 41.6 % and upper ones being 40.3 % (p > 0.05). According to the respondents, the most frequent complications of endodontic treatment was file breakages (66.1 %), poor-quality obturation of root canals (60.4 %), and perforations of various levels (28.6 %; p = 0.02). Leading methods and medications for both primary treatment and retreatment were identified.

   Conclusion. Spooner's arsenic paste is practically not used in modern endodontics. Machine technologies for root canal treatment are predominant. The highest frequent detection of complications in molar endodontic treatment is due to the complex morphology of the endodontic structure. MTA Pro Root and its analogues are listed as the most common perforation closure materials.

   The purpose – to develop personalized (genetic) criteria for predicting death in patients with cerebral contusion.

   Materials and methods. 96 young patients (according to WHO classification) with brain contusion (TBI) of II and III severity were examined. Control group - 100 practically healthy residents of the same sex and age. The first group (n = 86) consisted of patients with a favorable outcome of brain contusion (recovery) at the age of 30.0 [26; 34] years. The second group (n = 10) included patients with an unfavorable outcome (st. letalis) of TBI (mean age 31.0 [27.0; 34.5] years). Patients with other forms of TBI, any acute and/or chronic comorbidity, and females were excluded from the study. Clinical, laboratory (gene polymorphism: FII-20210(G > A), FV-1691(G > A), FVII-10976(G > A), FGB-455(G > A), MTHFR-677(C > T), MTRR-66(A > G), PAI-1(5G > 4G), TLR2-753(Arg > Gln) and TLR4-299(Asp > Gly), cytokine content: TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10; lymphocytic-platelet adhesion, INR and D-dimers) and instrumental (craniography, computed tomography) studies were carried out at the inpatient stage of treatment (material was taken for the study on the 3^rd day after injury). Statistical processing of the study results was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25.0 software package.

   Results. Based on binary logistic regression, the most informative indicators were included in the equation (polymorphism of the FII-20210(G > A), MTRR-66(A > G), PAI-1(5G > 4G) and TLR4-299( Asp > Gly)) and their significance in the structure of the model is determined. The sensitivity of the developed prognostic model is 1.0, the specificity is 0.78, the accuracy is 0.8; the area under the ROC curve is 0.91 (95 % CI = 0.84–0.97); p < 0.001.

   Conclusion. Determination of the genetic polymorphism of the FII-20210(G > A), MTRR-66(A > G), PAI-1(5G > 4G), and TLR4-299(Asp > Gly) genes in patients with severe UGM may allow timely determination of stratification the risk of an unfavorable outcome, which will assist in the development of treatment tactics for this group of patients.

   Objective. To study the frequencies of alleles and genotypes of the polymorphic locus T444G rs1130409 of the APEX1 DNA repair gene in patients with gout and to evaluate their association with the gout development in the Russian population in the Trans-Baikal Territory.

   Materials and methods. 80 patients (69 men and 11 women) with gout were examined. The diagnosis of gout was made in accordance with the ACR/EULAR classification criteria, 2015. The control group consisted of 46 persons of the appropriate age. According to nationality all the subjects were Russians, born and living in the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The material for the study was DNA isolated from whole peripheral blood leukocytes using the DNA-Express Blood kit (Litech, Russia). All patients were genotyped to determine the polymorphism of the T444G rs1130409 locus of the APEX1 gene. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 software registry. The correspondence of genotype distribution to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was checked by χ² criterion. Differences in the frequency of alleles and genotypes between groups were assessed by Pearson's χ² test. To assess the association of genotypes and alleles with gout, high odds ratios (Odds Ratio, OR) were calculated with a 95 % confidence interval (Confidence Interval, CI).

   Results. In the study of T444G polymorphism of the APEX1 gene in patients with gout a statistically significant increase in the frequency of the homozygous genotype G/G (27.5 % vs. 9 %; χ² = 6.3; p = 0.01; OR = 3.98; CI 95 % = 1.28 -12.4) were found. In the group of male patients with gout, there is a higher frequency of the mutant G allele compared to the control group (53.6 % vs. 4 %; χ² = 5.66; p = 0.01; OR = 2.24; CI95 % = 1, 14-4.40) and a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of the T allele (46.4 % vs. 96 %; χ² = 5.66, p = 0.01, OR = 0.45, CI95 % = 0.23-0, 87).

   Conclusion. Differences were found in the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of the APEX1 T444G rs1130409 polymorphic locus in patients with gout and healthy respondents. The presence of the G/G genotype G increases the risk of gout by 3.9 times respectively. In male respondents, the carriage of the wild-type (T) allele has a protective effect, while the carriage of the minor allele was associated with an increased likelihood of developing the disease. The data obtained indicate the possible role of the APEX1 T444G rs1130409 gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of gout.

   The purpose of the study: to evaluate the morphological and immunohistochemical parameters of the rat periodontium in the model of experimental periodontitis.

   Materials and methods. Experimental periodontitis was formed in male Wistar rats aged 18–20 weeks and weighing 200–300 g. Periodontitis was modeled by detaching the gums with the end of a spear-shaped scalpel (No. 11) in combination with injections of 10 % ethanol solution with 0.25 % novocaine solution in within 7 days. The inflammatory process was assessed morphologically and histologically. In blood serum and homogenate of periodontal tissues, the level of cytokines was determined using a multiplex analysis system (USA). Histological sections were made at the level of the incisors of both jaws, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemically with rabbit monoclonal antibodies (SP7). Statistical data processing was carried out using one-way Kruskal-Walliss analysis of variance. Significance of differences between groups (p) was assessed using pairwise comparisons of Dwass-Steele-Critchlow-Fligner.

   Research results. On the seventh day of the experiment, the gum acquired a cyanotic hue, its significant edema was observed. Histologically, the presence of a periodontal pocket, infiltration of tissues with leukocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, thickening of the gingival epithelium, destruction of the periodontium and resorption of the bone beams of the alveoli were recorded. There was an increase in the concentrations of cytokines in rats, to a greater extent in the blood serum. The most pronounced increase was in TNFα and IFN γ, the minimum increase was observed in IL 6. It was found that the number of macrophages and B-lymphocytes increased equally by 8.5 times (p = 0.000001), the number of T-lymphocytes increased by 5.5 times (p = 0.000001).

   Conclusion. In the model of chronic periodontitis, we have shown that there is activation of all parts of the immune system, with a predominance of the humoral part of the immune system, manifested by an increase in the levels of cytokines both in blood serum and tissues and an increase in the number of immunocompetent cells in periodontal tissues.

   Aim. To assess statistical and dynamic trends in the human resources potential of the Arkhangelsk region's health care system in order to identify areas for further research into the factorogenesis of its changes.

   Methods. The data were obtained from the federal statistical observation forms №. 30 "Information on health care institutions" and statistical collections Resources and activities of health care organizations: statistical materials M.: Central Research Institute of Occupational Health of the Ministry of Health of Russia for the period 2010-2021. Presence of abnormal values (outliers) was determined by the Irvine method, to find the mean level of the time series chronological mean was used, to find the reliability of differences we used chisquare test, to calculate the contribution of the components of the total change was made by the index method.

   Results. The total supply of doctors of all specialties in the region is at a higher level than in the country as a whole, but since 2018 there has been a downward trend. The greatest contribution to the decrease in the total number of doctors in the region is made by doctors of clinical specialties. There is a predominance of female doctors in the region. The supply of doctors in rural areas was on average 67,9 % less than in urban areas.

   Conclusion. The result of our study, which is a first approximation, has revealed a steadily decreasing medical staffing potential in the Arkhangelsk region, first of all at the expense of the doctors who are directly involved in diagnosing and treating patients. The obtained results open up directions for further study of the indicated problem in order to establish its factorogenesis and develop new methods aimed at effective regulation of personnel potential.

   The aim of this work was an attempt to systematize the data available in the available literature on the risk of developing coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH), the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme receptors in infection.

   Given the number of victims of the new coronavirus infection caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus (COVID-19), on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic since December 2019, when the first case of SARS was detected in China. A large amount of data has been accumulated on the close relationship between the severity of the course of COVID-19 disease and various comorbidities, in particular arterial hypertension (AH). Including more and more publications both about a significantly greater risk of infection with COVID-19 in people with diseases of the cardiovascular system (CVS), in particular, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and about the risk of complications in this group of patients. The article discusses the risks of severe COVID-19 disease in patients with hypertension, including the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme receptors.

   The paper presents key biomarkers of inflammation in new coronavirus infection in children. The main mechanisms of development of coronavirus infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 have not been fully studied, which is of great interest for both therapeutic and pediatric services. Despite the powerful evasion of SARS-CoV-2 from the receptors of innate immunity and the violation of interferogenesis and IFN signaling, the mechanism of production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the body is not disturbed and functions normally. At the same time, in conditions of a decrease in the antiviral protective link of innate immunity, the viral load increases, the number of inducers of the pro-inflammatory response increases, which naturally becomes hyperinflammatory. The role of a number of some pro-inflammatory (IL-1b, IL-2,TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-6, IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-8) cytokines, chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, Eotaxin, TARC, MIP-3α, GRO-α, ENA-78, MIG, IP-10, I-TAC) in blood serum, transforming growth factor TGF-β1. The severity and outcomes of COVID-19 are closely related to the body's immune responses, often uncontrollable and uncontrolled, which underscores the urgent need for further study and understanding of the full range of immune disorders caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2.

   Targeted therapy with modern cancer treatment can significantly improve the prognosis of survival for patients. Cardiovascular (CV) adverse events (AE) can lead to premature discontinuation of treatment. This article presents data on the most common cardiovascular AEs in the application of various classes of targeting therapy and discusses the issues of pathogenesis and diagnosis CV toxicity.

   Currently, there is more and more information about the influence of eating disorders on the formation of socially significant chronic non-infectious diseases and metabolic disorders, including obesity, impaired carbohydrate tolerance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

   The purpose of this literature review was to summarize information about the mechanisms of regulation of eating behavior and to characterize their features in patients with carbohydrate disorders.

   Аccording to the results of the search, the factors that increase the risk of developing eating disorders, in addition to hereditary predisposition, include the female gender, younger age, high BMI, and concomitant mental illness. Eating disorders are quite common among patients suffering from both early disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes mellitus. Disturbed eating patterns may act as additional contributing factors to the development of type 2 diabetes, while type 1 diabetes is a predictor of the development of eating disorders. Eating disorders in persons with metabolic disorders contribute to the deterioration of glycemic control, the development of dyslipidemia, and generally worsen the control of the disease.

   Novel coronavirus infection is associated with the onset of persistent symptoms after illness that affect daily life, known as the post-COVID syndrome (PCS). The syndrome occupies a special category in oncological patients, reducing the quality of life, necessitating differential diagnosis with the progression or recurrence of a malignant disease in them. The article describes the literature review of PCS, a clinical case of PCS in an oncological patient, which arose during the dispensary observation of an oncologist. Given the severity of post-COVID disorders in a patient with cancer, the lack of knowledge of this phenomenon, the diagnosis was accompanied by certain difficulties.

   The article presents a descriptive description of the pull principle used in the organization of the operational management of stocks of medicines, medical devices and other materials in medical organizations participating in the implementation of the federal project "Development of the Primary Health Care System". The main approaches to the application of the visualization method for inventory management in medical organizations are analyzed. The terminological and semantic analysis of the concept of "reserves" is carried out. The categories of inventories and the main features of visualization of various inventories in medical organizations are described from the point of view of the management concept of lean production. The main indicators that can be used for the operational management of stocks, as well as the methodology for their calculation in the warehouse of a medical organization and in the main premises are presented. The presented review is based on the data of domestic and world literature, regulatory legal acts and other documents of various levels in the field of regulating the supply of supplies in healthcare facilities and creating a new model of a medical organization providing primary health care.

   Essential hypertension is a complex disease determined by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. This review provides information on the nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase. Current data on the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the development of arterial hypertension are presented.

   Сesarean scar pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy which associated with high risk of maternal complication. The review included modern data on prevalence, etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy. The paper describes a clinical case of cesarean scar pregnancy with a favorable outcome for the reproductive function of patient. The diagnostic difficulties and surgical tactics of the patient's management are described. An individual approach is needed to assess early uterine pregnancy in patients with a history of cesarean section. Timely diagnosis of pregnancy in the scar is the key to successful organ-preserving surgery.

   Progressive supranuclear palsy (PNP) (progressive supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, progressive supranuclear gaze paresis, Steele-Richardson-Olszewski disease) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system that belongs to the group of taupathies. Taupathies are a group of diseases characterized by deposits of the tau protein in neurons and glial cells, which subsequently leads to their death. There are several isoforms of the tau protein, on the basis of which a classification of taupathies has been developed: there are 3R-taupathies (Pick's disease), and 4R-taupathies (PNP, corticobasal degeneration, etc.), there are also "mixed" taupathies (Alzheimer's disease). The article describes a rare variant of the course of PNP with corticobasal syndrome. The course of this disease was accompanied by polymorphic neurological symptoms in the form of various motor disorders, oculomotor disorders, disorders of the emotional-volitional sphere.

   The article presents the experience of catheterization of the superior vena cava through the internal jugular vein with ultrasound navigation in the practice of anesthesiologists-resuscitators at the Kotovsk City Clinical Hospital, as well as the nature and number of complications in comparison with catheterization through the subclavian and internal jugular vein using anatomical landmarks. The use of ultrasound navigation during catheterization of the superior vena cava through the internal jugular vein reduced the number of complications compared to the traditional method of catheterization through the subclavian vein using anatomical landmarks by 23 times. In the period from 2013 to 2022, 742 central venous catheters (CVCS) were installed on the basis of our hospital, while 26 cases of complications (6,9 %) were recorded during catheterization of the superior vena cava by subclavian access according to anatomical landmarks, and only 1 complication (0,3 %) occurred during catheterization of the jugular vein using ultrasound navigation. This indicates the high efficiency of the use of sonoscopic assistance. Further use of ultrasound navigation during catheterization of the superior vena cava at the Kotovsk State clinical Hospital, mandatory training of all anesthesiologists and resuscitators in this technique will significantly reduce the number of complications during the installation of CVC.