The current state of the problem of contrast-induced acute kidney injury

   Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a serious iatrogenic problem of modern medicine that occurs after parenteral administration of radiopaque agents. This complication has a significant negative prognosis, associated with an increase in cardiovascular and neurological morbidity, an increase in mortality rates, an extension of hospitalization and, as a result, an increase in the financial burden on the healthcare system. The highest incidence of CIN is observed in the cohort of patients with baseline renal disease or decreased glomerular filtration rate due to other reasons. The combination of several predisposing factors leads to their cumulative effect and a multiple increase in the likelihood of developing nephropathy. Timely risk stratification and implementation of preventive measures are considered key element in the fight against CIN. Adequate intravenous hydration with isotonic sodium chloride remains the most proven and widely used prevention strategy. The effectiveness of the use of a number of pharmacological agents for this
purpose remains the subject of scientific debate and has no unambiguous confirmation.

   This study focuses on the etiology and pathogenesis of contrast-induced acute renal injury.

   The article systematizes the main risk factors for the development of this complication, analyzes in detail the pathophysiological mechanisms of its occurrence, and also evaluates the effectiveness of modern diagnostic algorithms and preventive measures.

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