Association of anthropometric indicators in patients with cardiomyopathies of different genesis

   Objective. To investigate the anthropometric characteristics of patients with various types of dilated cardiomyopathy compared to healthy individuals.

   Materials and Methods. This case-control study was conducted at the Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery in Krasnoyarsk, Russia. It included 224 patients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy and 101 healthy controls. Anthropometric measurements were performed using standard techniques. We calculated several anthropometric indices including body mass index (BMI), Risse–Eysenck index, Tanne r’s sex-dimorphic index, body form index (BFI), body roundness index (BRI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHTR). Statistical analysis used nonparametric tests.

   Results. Significant differences were found between patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and healthy controls across multiple anthropometric parameters. These include chest dimensions, breast circumference, hip size, buttocks girth, and skinfold thickness. Both Risse–Eysenck index and Tanne r’s sex-dimorphic index were higher in patients with cardiomyopathy. BMI, BRI, BFI, WHR, and WHTR also showed significantly elevated levels compared to controls. Hyperstenic somatype predominated in over 60 % of cases.

   Conclusion. Our findings highlight substantial variations in anthropometric profiles between patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and healthy subjects. Higher values of certain anthropometric indices, particularly BMI and BRI, may serve as potential markers for increased risk of developing cardiomyopathy. Further investigations are needed to explore how constitutional features influence the onset and progression of this condition.

1. Meulmeester F.L., Willems van Dijk K., Mooijaart S.P., et al. The association of measures of body shape and adiposity with incidence of cardiometabolic disease from an aging perspective. Geroscience. 2023; 45 (1): 463–76. doi: 10.1007/s11357-022-00654-9.

2. Lee H., Chung H.S., Kim Y.J., et al. Association between body shape index and risk of mortality in the United States. Scientific Reports. 2022; 12 (1): 11254. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15015-x.

3. Gorbunov N.S., Gorbunov D.N., Russkikh A.N., et al. Somatotypical characteristics of men who died from myocardial infarction. Siberian Scientific Medical Journal. 2017; 37 (6): 71–75. (In Russian).

4. Ding J., Chen X., Shi Z., et al. Association of body roundness index and its trajectories with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among a Chinese middle-aged and older population: A retrospective cohort study. Frontiers in Public Health. 2023; 11: 1107158. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1107158.

5. Lee D.H., Keum N., Hu F.B., et al. Predicted lean body mass, fat mass, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in men: Prospective U.S. cohort study. British Medical Journal. 2018; 362: k2575. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k2575.

6. Filippov E.V., Yakushin S.S. Dilated cardiomyopathy: Differential diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and surgical treatment. Cardiology: News, Opinions, Education. 2017; 2 (13): 91–103. (In Russian).

7. Felker G.M., Shaw L.K., O'Connor C.M. Standardized definition of ischemic cardiomyopathy for use in clinical research. Journal of American College of Cardiology. 2002; 39 (2): 210–218. doi: 10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01738-7.

8. Alshibaya M.M., Kovalenko O.A., Dorofeev A.V., et al. Surgical remodelling of the left ventricle in ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2005; (4): 53–58. (In Russian).

9. Xu J., Zhang L., Wu Q., Zhou Y., Jin Z., Li Z., Zhu Y. Body roundness index is a superior indicator to associate with the cardio-metabolic risk: Evidence from a cross-sectional study with 17,000 Eastern-Chinese adults. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2021; 21 (1): 97. doi: 10.1186/s12872-021-01905-x.

10. Kuz netso va O.O., Nikuli na S.Yu., Matyu shin G.V., et al. Predictors of chronic heart failure in patients with cardiomyopathies of different etiology. Russian Cardiology Journal. 2023; 28 (10): 5509. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5509. (In Russian).

11. Ding J., Chen X., Shi Z., et al. Association of body roundness index and its trajectories with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among a Chinese middle-aged and older population: A retrospective cohort study. Frontiers in Public Health. 2023; 11: 1107158. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1107158.

12. Faulkner L. Obesity-associated cardiovascular risk in women: Hypertension and heart failure. Clinical Science (London). 2021; 135 (12): 1523–1544. doi: 10.1042/CS20210384.

13. Ciumărnean L., Milaciu M.V., Negrean V., et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and physical activity for prevention of cardiovascular diseases in elderly people. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 19 (1): 207. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010207.

14. Kim M.S., Kim W.J., Khera A.V., et al. Association between adiposity and cardiovascular outcomes: An umbrella review and meta-analysis of observational and Mendelian randomization studies. European Heart Journal. 2021; 42 (34): 3388–3403. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab454.

15. Miklishanskaya S.V., Mazur N.A., Chigineva V.V., et al. Changes in cardiac structure in patients with excess weight and obesity. Lechaschi Vrach. 2023;10(26):71-77. doi: 10.51793/OS.2023.26.10.011. (In Russian).