DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: FROM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TO PREVENTION
https://doi.org/10.52485/19986173_2021_2_85
Abstract
The incidence of type 1 diabetes in children is on the rise worldwide. Diabetic ketoacidosis is one of the most common complications of this disease, with a high hospital admission rate and high mortality. Half of children with newly-diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus have clinical signs of this complication. The list of risk factors linked to the development of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with diabetes mellitus comprises social and economic factors, violation of the insulin treatment regimen, and infectious disease. The pathophysiological mechanism of this condition is rooted in the development of metabolic acidosis in the setting of hyperglycemia, glucosuria and hypoglycemia, coupled with the generation of a large number of ketone bodies. Diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis is based on clear clinical and diagnostic criteria. In case of this complication, the therapeutic tactics must be based on a clear treatment algorithm, which has its own distinctive aspects in pediatric practices, and includes infusion therapy, intravenous insulin therapy, prevention and treatment of cerebral edema, and correction of hypokalemia. Of great therapeutic importance are measures aimed at prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis, which may reduce the incidence of this complication in children and adolescents.
About the Author
Yu. V. Bykov
Stavropol State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
355017, Stavropol, Mira str., 310
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For citations:
Bykov Yu.V. DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: FROM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TO PREVENTION. Transbaikalian Medical Bulletin. 2021;(2):85-95. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.52485/19986173_2021_2_85
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