EPIDYMOLOGY, COMORBIDITY, AND VARIOUS RISK FACTORS OF MIGRAINE

Understanding the different types of migraines is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Migraines are one of the most prevalent neurological disorders in the world, with an estimated 1.1 billion cases in 2019. The modern understanding of migraines combines neuronal, vascular, and neuroinflammatory mechanisms to explain its occurrence. The study of epidemiology, concomitant diseases and risk factors allows for a deeper interpretation of the pathophysiology of migraine and the development of more individualized methods for the prevention and treatment of seizures.
The aim of the research. To analyze literature on epidemiology, comorbidity, and various risk factors of migraine.
Materials and methods. Data from the PubMed Open Science Library were used. A search for literature was performed using keywords from a literature source from 2009 to 2025.
Results. An analysis of literary sources was conducted using keywords in the search for literary sources in such combinations as: "age and gender", "eating habits", "migraine and pregnancy", "hormonal imbalance and migraine", "genetic and epigenetic factors", "chronic fatigue syndrome", "eating disorders", "cardiovascular diseases", "epilepsy", "multiple sclerosis", "gut-brain axis", "rheumatoid arthritis", "psoriasis", "stress", "general anxiety disorder", "bipolar affective disorder", "alzheimer's disease", "parkinson's disease", "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis", "irritable bowel syndrome", "celiac disease"
Conclusions: migraine demonstrates overlapping pathophysiological pathways with multiple comorbid disorders, underscoring the need for expanded research to refine preventive approaches for these interconnected conditions.

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