Assessment of P53 protein level in elderly patients with viral pneumonia caused by SARS-COV-2 upon discharge from the hospital

The aim of the research. To study and evaluate the level of P53 protein in elderly patients with viral pneumonia caused by SARS-COV-2 at discharge in a comparative aspect with elderly without viral pneumonia.
Materials and methods. Two groups of patients were included in the study – the main group (n=49) and the comparison group (n=20). The main group included patients diagnosed with "COVID-19, virus identified" hospitalized in an infectious hospital, the comparison group included elderly people without viral pneumonia. The level of P53 protein was determined using the method of immuno-enzyme analysis in blood serum. The level of P53 protein was analyzed depending on the degree of respiratory failure (DN), the degree of lung damage according to computed tomography (CT) and the amount of comorbid pathology.
Results. According to the results of the analysis, a statistically significant decrease in the level of protein p53 (p<0,001) was revealed in the patients of the main group. The level of p53 protein at admission was 89,4 [79,1 – 118,5] pg/ml versus 26,6 [22,4 – 35,6] pg/ml at discharge. Analysis of the p53 protein level depending on the degree of respiratory DN and the number of comorbid diseases showed the presence of statistically significant differences (p=0,002, p=0,036). In 42,9% (21 people), the value of the p53 protein level in patients of the main group coincided with the interquantile ranges of the comparison group, and in 57,1% (28 people) of the main group of patients, the value of the p53 protein level was higher. The value of the p53 protein level in the main group at discharge was higher than in the comparison group among patients with DN 0 in 47,1%, with DN I in 55,6% and in 100% with DN II. Among patients with CT0 in 33,3%, with CT1 in 48% and in 71,4% with CT2. Among patients with two or less comorbid diseases, 50% and 81,8% of patients with three or more comorbid diseases.
Conclusions. In 57,1% of elderly patients with viral pneumonia caused by SARS-COV-2, upon discharge from the hospital, the level of p53 protein did not reach the values of elderly people without viral pneumonia. The level of p53 protein in elderly patients with viral pneumonia caused by SARS-COV-2 at discharge is higher than in elderly patients without viral pneumonia was recorded in patients with DN II (in 100%), CT2 (71.4%) and in patients with three and more comorbid diseases (in 81,8%). Statistically significant differences in elderly patients with viral pneumonia caused by SARS-COV-2 upon discharge from the hospital were revealed by analyzing the level of p53 protein depending on the degree of DN and the amount of comorbid pathology.

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