The significance of some microelements and their relationship with markers of inflammatory reaction in new coronavirus infection

The aim. Study of changes in trace elements and their relationship with markers of an inflammatory response in a new coronavirus infection.
Methods. On the basis of the Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital of Perm in 2021-2023. a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of 514 patients with a new coronavirus infection was carried out, of which 217 people suffered a severe infectious disease, were hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU), 297 patients of moderate severity - in a specialized department. By the method of mechanical selection, 2 groups of 171 people were formed: the first group of 72 people. - ICU patients, the second group of 99 people. - Patients of a specialized department. The average age of patients in group 1 was 57,9 years, in group 2 – 59,2 years. On the 1st and 21st days of hospitalization, all patients underwent laboratory studies of trace elements - iron, zinc, copper, selenium and vitamin D 25 (OH), as well as the absolute number of lymphocytes, IL-6, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, fibrinogen, ferritin.
Results. The study of trace elements on the 1st day of hospitalization revealed a deficiency of Fe, Zn, Se, as well as vitamin D deficiency in patients of both groups, aggravated in the dynamics of the disease. Stable indicators of Cu were determined in patients with severe and moderate course, changes in the Cu/Zn ratio in ICU patients in dynamics. A correlation was found between the indicators of Zn, Se, vitamin D, the ratio of Cu and Zn with registered complications that led to deaths in groups 1 and 2. The relationship between Zn and inflammatory response markers was revealed: in group 1 - r=0.612, p=0.008, in group 2 - r=0.531 p=0.019, Cu/Zn ratio - r=0.812, p=0.000, 0.015, vitamin D in 1 - r=0.794, p=0.000, in 2 - r=0.682 p=0.009, respectively.
Conclusion. The formation of trace element deficiency has a direct impact on the course of a new coronavirus infection, regardless of the severity of the disease. Low micronutrient levels should be considered as a predictor of COVID-19 severity and poor outcome.

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