Skinfold measurement and ultrasonography of the subcutaneous tissue in the adolescent females of various morphotypes

   The aim of the research. The comparative analysis of the skinfold measurement and ultrasonography of the subcutaneous tissue in the adolescent females of the andromorphic, mesomorphic and gynecomorphic body types.

   Materials and methods. The study comprised of 214 participants, they were female students of Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University. The participants were estimated by anthropometry. The females were divided into 3 groups (andromorphic, mesomorphic and gynecomorphic morphotypes) by the J. M. Tanner’s index of sexual dimorphism. The subcutaneous tissue thickness of the 8 human body regions was measured by the skinfold measurement and ultrasound diagnostics. The research data was analyzed by SPSS v. 22.0. The data wasь non-parametric and analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

   Results. The largest group of the females was the mesomorphic morphotype (67.3 %), participants of the gynecomorphic and andromorphic body types were found four times less (17.3 % and 15.4 %, respectively). The andromorphic body type females had larger height and weight. Results of the skinfold measurement and ultrasound diagnostics shown larger thickness of the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the anterior surface of the arm, back and above the pectoralis major. Females of the gynecomorphic body type had smaller sizes of the skinfold then andromorphic ones. The mesomorphic females had intermediate sizes of the skinfold between andromorphic and gynecomorphic body types.

   Conclusion. All of the examined females had gynoid fat distribution. The andromorphic females had larger the total and transverse dimensions of the body, their sizes of the skinfolds of the trunk and limbs were bigger too. The latter can be responsible for development of obesity and other diseases. Between dates of the skinfold measurement and ultrasonography of the subcutaneous tissue in the adolescent females were established Spearman's rank correlation coefficient meaning from 0.4 to 0.7, which suggests using ultrasonography measurement as an objective method for determining the thickness of the subcutaneous tissue in the adolescent females of various morphotypes.

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