<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zabmedvestnik</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Забайкальский медицинский вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transbaikalian Medical Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1998-6173</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Читинская государственная медицинская академия</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52485/19986173_2021_2_96</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zabmedvestnik-74</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>БЕССИМПТОМНАЯ КОРОНАВИРУСНАЯ ИНФЕКЦИЯ – НЕВИДИМЫЙ РЫЧАГ ПАНДЕМИИ?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ASYMPTOMATIC CORONAVIRUS INFECTION – THE INVISIBLE LEVER OF THE PANDEMIC?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левченко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levchenko</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>672000, г. Чита, ул. Горького, 39а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chita, 39A Gorky str., 672000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапова</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapova</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>672000, г. Чита, ул. Горького, 39а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chita,  39A Gorky str., 672000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Читинская государственная медицинская академия» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chita state medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Левченко Н.Н., Потапова Н.Л., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Левченко Н.Н., Потапова Н.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Levchenko N.V., Potapova N.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zabmedvestnik.ru/jour/article/view/74">https://www.zabmedvestnik.ru/jour/article/view/74</self-uri><abstract><p>На основе данных зарубежной и отечественной литературы представлен аналитический обзор о роли бессимптомных форм новой коронавирусной инфекции в распространении заболевания. Обсуждаются причины асимптомного течения инфекции. Рассмотрены подходы к определению предсимптомных и истинно бессимптомных больных. Приведены данные об основных исследованиях, посвященных изучению длительности вирусовыделения у бессимптомных пациентов, возможной тактике ведения таких пациентов в разных странах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Based on the data of foreign literature, an analytical review of the role of asymptomatic forms of new coronavirus infection in the spread of the disease is presented. The causes of the asymptomatic course of infection are discussed. Approaches to the determination of presymptomatic and truly asymptomatic patients are considered. The data on the main foreign studies devoted to the study of the duration of viral release in asymptomatic patients, the possible tactics of management of such patients in different countries are presented.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>бессимптомное течение</kwd><kwd>тактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>asymptomatic course</kwd><kwd>tactics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xingxia Y. COVID 19 transmission through asymptomatic carriers is a challenge to containment. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2020 Jul 14(4). 474–475. doi: 10.1111/irv.12743</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xingxia Y. COVID 19 transmission through asymptomatic carriers is a challenge to containment.Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2020 Jul 14(4). 474–475. doi: 10.1111/irv.12743</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong J., S. Jamaludin A., Alikhan M. F., Chaw L. Asymptomatic transmission of SARS CoV 2 and implications for mass gatherings. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2020 Sep. 14(5). 596– 598.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wong J., S. Jamaludin A., Alikhan M. F., Chaw L.. Asymptomatic transmission of SARS CoV 2 and implications for mass gatherings. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2020 Sep. 14(5). 596– 598.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou X., Li Y., Li T., Zhang W. Follow-up of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020. 26. 957-9. 10.1016/j.cmi. 2020. 03. 04.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou X., Li Y., Li T., Zhang W. Follow-up of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020. 26. 957-9. 10.1016/j.cmi. 2020. 03. 024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carpenter Ch. R. Diagnosing COVID-19 in the Emergency Department: A Scoping Review of Clinical Examinations, Laboratory Tests, Imaging Accuracy, and Biases. Acad Emerg Med. 2020 Aug. 27(8). 653-670. doi: 10.1111/acem.14048.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carpenter Ch. R. Diagnosing COVID-19 in the Emergency Department: A Scoping Review of Clinical Examinations, Laboratory Tests, Imaging Accuracy, and Biases. Acad Emerg Med. 2020 Aug. 27(8). 653-670. doi:10.1111/acem.14048.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baggett T. P., Keyes H., Sporn N., Gaeta J. M. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Residents of a Large Homeless Shelter in Boston. JAMA. 2020 Jun 2. 323(21). 2191-2192. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.6887.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baggett T. P., Keyes H. , Sporn N., Gaeta J. M. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Residents of a Large Homeless Shelter in Boston. JAMA. 2020 Jun 2. 323(21). 2191-2192. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6887.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dong Y., Mo X., Hu Y., Qi X., Jiang F., Jiang Zh., Tong Sh. Epidemiology of COVID-19 Among Children in Chinа. Pediatrics. 2020 Jun. 145(6). e20200702. doi:10.1542/peds.2020-0702.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dong Y., Mo X., Hu Y., Qi X., Jiang F., Jiang Zh. , Tong Sh. Epidemiology of COVID-19 Among Children in Chinа. Pediatrics. 2020 Jun. 145(6). e20200702. doi:10.1542/peds.2020-0702.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu Zh., Song C., Xu Ch., Jin G., Chen Y., Xu X., Ma H., Chen W., Lin Y., Zheng Y., J. Wang, Hu Zh., Yi Y., Shen H. Clinical characteristics of 24 asymptomatic infections with COVID-19 screened among close contacts in Nanjing, China Sci China Life Sci. 2020 May. 63(5). 706-711. doi: 10.1007/s11427-020-1661-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu Zh., Song C., Xu Ch., Jin G., Chen Y., Xu X., Ma H., Chen W., Lin Y., Zheng Y., J. Wang, Hu Zh., Yi Y., Shen H. Clinical characteristics of 24 asymptomatic infections with COVID-19 screened among close contacts in Nanjing, China Sci China Life Sci. 2020 May. 63(5). 706-711. doi: 10.1007/s11427-020-1661-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Şık N., Özlü C., Asrak H. K., Erbaş İ. C., Güzin A. Ç., Ataku G. l, Atay Ö., Appak Ö., Sayıner A. A., Uzuner N., Asilsoy S., Belet N., Yılmaz D., Duman M. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 PCR Positive Cases in the Pediatric Emergency Department. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2020 Oct. 54(4). 629- 637. doi: 10.5578/mb.70086.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Şık N., Özlü C., Asrak H. K., Erbaş İ. C., Güzin A. Ç., Ataku G. l, Atay Ö., Appak Ö., Sayıner A. A., Uzuner N., Asilsoy S., Belet N., Yılmaz D., Duman M. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 PCR Positive Cases in the Pediatric Emergency Department. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2020 Oct. 54(4). 629- 637. doi: 10.5578/mb.70086.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong J., Aziz A. B., Chaw L., Mahamud A., Griffith M. M., Lo Y., Naing L. High proportion of asymptomatic and presymptomatic COVID-19 infections in travelers and returning residents to Brunei. J Travel Med. 2020 Aug 20. 27(5). taaa066. doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa066.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wong J., Aziz A. B., Chaw L., Mahamud A., Griffith M. M., Lo Y., Naing L. High proportion of asymptomatic and presymptomatic COVID-19 infections in travelers and returning residents to Brunei. J Travel Med. 2020 Aug 20. 27(5). taaa066. doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa066.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jeong T. H., Pak Ch., Ock M., Lee S. H., Son J. S., Jeon Y. J. Real Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection Might Be Rare: Importance of Careful Interviews and Follow-up. J Korean Med Sci. 2020 Sep 21. 35(37). e333. doi:10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e333.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jeong T. H., Pak Ch., Ock M., Lee S. H., Son J. S., Jeon Y. J. Real Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection Might Be Rare: Importance of Careful Interviews and Follow-up. J Korean Med Sci. 2020 Sep 21. 35(37). e333. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e333.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meyers K. J., Jones M. E., Goetz I. A., Botros F. T., Knorr J., Manner D. H., Woodward B. A cross-sectional community-based observational study of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in the greater Indianapolis area. J Med Virol. 2020 Nov. 92(11). 2874-2879. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26182.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meyers K. J., Jones M. E., Goetz I. A., Botros F. T., Knorr J., Manner D. H., Woodward B. A cross-sectional community-based observational study of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in the greater Indianapolis area. J Med Virol. 2020 Nov. 92(11). 2874-2879. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26182.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou R., Li F., Chen F., Liu H., Zheng J., Lei Ch., Wu X. Viral dynamics in asymptomatic patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 96. 288-290. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou R., Li F., Chen F., Liu H., Zheng J., Lei Ch., Wu X. Viral dynamics in asymptomatic patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 96. 288-290. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li W., Su Y-Y., Zhi S-S., Huang J., Zhuang C-L., Bai W-Z., Wan Y., Meng X-R., Zhang L., Zhou Y-B., Luo Y-Y., Ge S-X., Chen Y-K., Ma Y. Virus shedding dynamics in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Nov. 26(11). 1556.e1-1556.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li W., Su Y-Y., Zhi S-S., Huang J., Zhuang C-L., Bai W-Z., Wan Y., Meng X-R., Zhang L., Zhou Y-B., Luo Y-Y., Ge S-X., Chen Y-K., Ma Y. Virus shedding dynamics in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Nov. 26(11). 1556.e1-1556.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saurabh S., Kumar R., Gupta M.K., Bhardwaj P., Nag V.L., Garg M.K., Misra S. Prolonged persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract of asymptomatic infected individuals. QJM. 2020 Aug 1. 113(8). 556-560. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saurabh S., Kumar R., Gupta M.K., Bhardwaj P., Nag V.L., Garg M.K., Misra S. Prolonged persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract of asymptomatic infected individuals. QJM. 2020 Aug 1. 113(8). 556-560. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa212.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y., Liu Y., Liu L., Wang X., Luo N., Li L. Clinical Outcomes in 55 Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Who Were Asymptomatic at Hospital Admission in Shenzhen China. J Infect Dis. 2020 May 11. 221(11). 1770-1774. 10.1093/infdis/jiaa119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y., Liu Y., Liu L., Wang X., Luo N., Li L. Clinical Outcomes in 55 Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Who Were Asymptomatic at Hospital Admission in Shenzhen China. J Infect Dis. 2020 May 11. 221(11). 1770-1774. 10.1093/infdis/jiaa119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou X., Li Y., Li T., Zhang W. Follow-up of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Jul. 26(7). 957-959. 10.1016/j.cmi. 2020. 03. 024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou X., Li Y., Li T., Zhang W. Follow-up of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020Jul. 26(7). 957-959. 10.1016/j.cmi. 2020. 03. 024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buitrago-Garcia D., Egli-Gany D., Counotte M. J., Hossmann S. Occurrence and transmission potential of asymptomatic and presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections: A living systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2020 Sep 22. 17(9). e1003346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buitrago-Garcia D., Egli-Gany D., Counotte M. J., Hossmann S. Occurrence and transmission potential of asymptomatic and presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections: A living systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2020 Sep 22. 17(9). e1003346.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oran D. P., Topol E. J. Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Narrative Review. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Sep 1. 173(5). 362-367. doi: 10.7326/M20-3012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oran D. P., Topol E. J. Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Narrative Review. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Sep 1. 173(5). 362-367. doi: 10.7326/M20-3012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohen A. N., Kessel B. Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Feb. 174(2). 284-285. doi: 10.7326/L20-1284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohen A. N., Kessel B. Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Feb. 174(2). 284-285. doi: 10.7326/L20-1284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cevik M., Bogoch I. I., Carson G., D'Ortenzio E., Kuppalli K. Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Feb. 174(2). 283-284. doi: 10.7326/L20-1283.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cevik M., Bogoch I. I., Carson G., D'Ortenzio E., Kuppalli K. Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Feb. 174(2). 283-284. doi: 10.7326/L20-1283.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Halperin D. T. Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Feb. 174(2). 283. doi: 10.7326/L20-1282.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Halperin D. T. Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Feb. 174(2). 283. doi: 10.7326/L20-1282.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han D., Li J. Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Feb. 174(2). 284. doi: 10.7326/L20-1281.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han D., Li J. Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Feb. 174(2). 284. doi: 10.7326/L20-1281.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao D., Wang M., Wang M., Zhao Y., Zheng Zh., Li X., Zhang Y., Wang T., Zeng Sh., Hu W., Yu W., Hu K. Asymptomatic infection by SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers: A study in a large teaching hospital in Wuhan, China Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Oct. 99. 219-225. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.082.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao D., Wang M., Wang M., Zhao Y., Zheng Zh., Li X., Zhang Y., Wang T., Zeng Sh., Hu W., Yu W., Hu K. Asymptomatic infection by SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers: A study in a large teaching hospital in Wuhan, China Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Oct. 99. 219-225. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.082.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rivett L., Sridhar S., Sparkes D., Routledge M., Jones N. K., Forrest S., Young J., Pereira-Dias J., Hamilton W. L., Ferris M.. Screening of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 highlights the role of asymptomatic carriage in COVID-19 transmission. eLife. 2020 May 11. 9. e58728. doi: 10.7554/eLife.58728</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rivett L., Sridhar S., Sparkes D., Routledge M., Jones N. K., Forrest S., Young J., Pereira-Dias J., Hamilton W. L., Ferris M.. Screening of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 highlights the role of asymptomatic carriage in COVID-19 transmission. eLife. 2020 May 11. 9. e58728. doi: 10.7554/eLife.58728</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lombardi A., Consonni D., Carugno M., Bozzi G., Mangioni D., Muscatello A., Castelli V., Palomba E., Cantù A.P., Ceriotti F., Tiso B., Pesatori A.C., Riboldi L., Bandera A., Lunghi G., Gori A. Characteristics of 1573 healthcare workers who underwent nasopharyngeal swab testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Milan, Lombardy, Italy. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Oct. 26 (10). 1413. e9-1413.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.06.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lombardi A., Consonni D., Carugno M., Bozzi G., Mangioni D., Muscatello A., Castelli V., Palomba E., Cantù A.P., Ceriotti F., Tiso B., Pesatori A.C., Riboldi L., Bandera A., Lunghi G., Gori A. Characteristics of 1573 healthcare workers who underwent nasopharyngeal swab testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Milan, Lombardy, Italy. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Oct. 26 (10). 1413. e9- 1413.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.06.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Syangtan G., Bista Sh., Dawadi P., Rayamajhee B., Shrestha L.B., Tuladhar R., Joshi D.R. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Carriers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health. 2021 Jan 20. 8. 587374. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.587374</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Syangtan G., Bista Sh., Dawadi P., Rayamajhee B., Shrestha L.B., Tuladhar R., Joshi D.R. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Carriers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health. 2021 Jan 20. 8. 587374. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.587374</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikolai L.A., Meyer C.G., Kremsner P.G., Velavan T.P. Asymptomatic SARS Coronavirus 2 infection: Invisible yet invincible. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Nov. 100. 112–116. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.076.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikolai L.A., Meyer C.G., Kremsner P.G., Velavan T.P. Asymptomatic SARS Coronavirus 2 infection: Invisible yet invincible. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Nov. 100. 112–116. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.076.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горелов А.В., Николаева С.В., Акимкин В.Г. Новая коронавирусная инфекция COVID19: особенности течения у детей в Российской Федерации. Педиатрия им. Г.Н. Сперанского.2020. 99 (6). 57–62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorelov A.V., Nikolaeva S.V., Akimkin V.G. New coronavirus infection Covid-19: features of the course in children in the Russian Federation. Pediatriya im. G.N. Speranskogo. 2020. 99 (6). 57-62. in Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богомолова И.К., Перегоедова В.Н., Бабкин А.А. Характеристика новой коронавирусной инфекции у детей. Забайкальский медицинский вестник. 2020. 4. 128-136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogomolova I.K., Peregoedova V.N., Babkin A.A. Characteristics of a new coronavirus infection in children. Zabaykal'skiy meditsinskiy vestnik. 2020. 4. 128-136. in Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fung S., Yuen K.S., Ye Z.W., Chan Ch., Jin D-Y. A tug-of-war between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and host antiviral defence: lessons from other pathogenic viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Mar 14. 9(1). 558–570. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1736644.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fung S., Yuen K.S., Ye Z.W., Chan Ch., Jin D-Y. A tug-of-war between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and host antiviral defence: lessons from other pathogenic viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Mar 14. 9(1). 558–570. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1736644.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao Zh., Xu Y., Sun Ch., Wang X., Guo Y., Qiu Ch., Ma K. A systematic review of asymptomatic infections with COVID-19. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2021 Feb. 54(1). 12– 16. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2020.05.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao Zh., Xu Y., Sun Ch., Wang X., Guo Y., Qiu Ch., Ma K. A systematic review of asymptomatic infections with COVID-19. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2021 Feb. 54(1). 12– 16. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2020.05.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chau N.V., Lam V.Th., Dung N.Th., Yen L.M., Quang Minh N., Hung L.M., Ngoc N.M., Dung N.T., Huy Man D.N., Nguyet L.A., Hoang Nhat L.Th. The Natural History and Transmission Potential of Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Nov 15. 71(10). 2679–2687.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chau N.V., Lam V.Th., Dung N.Th., Yen L.M., Quang Minh N., Hung L.M., Ngoc N.M., Dung N.T., Huy Man D.N., Nguyet L.A., Hoang Nhat L.Th. The Natural History and Transmission Potential of Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Nov 15. 71(10). 2679–2687.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Tawfiq J.A. Viral loads of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory specimens: What have we learned? Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 March-April. 34. 101629. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101629.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Tawfiq J.A. Viral loads of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory specimens: What have we learned? Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 March-April. 34. 101629. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101629.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feng L.Z., Huang M., Liang L., Huang H., Hong Zh. SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients. N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar 19. 382(12). 1177–1179. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2001737.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feng L.Z., Huang M., Liang L., Huang H., Hong Zh. SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients. N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar 19. 382(12). 1177–1179. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2001737.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lai C-C., Liu Y-H., Wang Ch-Y., Wang Ya-H., Hsueh Sh-Ch., Yen M-Y., Ko W-Ch., Hsueh P. Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Facts and myths. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020 Jun. 53(3). 404–412. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lai C-C., Liu Y-H., Wang Ch-Y., Wang Ya-H., Hsueh Sh-Ch., Yen M-Y., Ko W-Ch., Hsueh P. Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Facts and myths. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020 Jun. 53(3). 404–412. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He D., Zhao Sh., Lin Q., Zhuang Z., Cao P., Wang M.H., Yang L. The relative transmissibility of asymptomatic COVID-19 infections among close contacts. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 May. 94. 145-147. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He D., Zhao Sh., Lin Q., Zhuang Z., Cao P., Wang M.H., Yang L. The relative transmissibility of asymptomatic COVID-19 infections among close contacts. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 May. 94. 145-147. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.034.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bai Y., Yao L., Wei T., Tian F., Jin D-Y., Chen L., Wang Y. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. JAMA. 2020 Apr 14. 323 (14). 1406-1407. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2565.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bai Y., Yao L., Wei T., Tian F., Jin D-Y., Chen L., Wang Y. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. JAMA. 2020 Apr 14. 323 (14). 1406-1407. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2565.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang Y., Chen S., Yang Z., Guan W., Liu D., Lin Z., Zhang Y., Xu Z., Liu X., Li Y. SARSCoV-2 Viral Load in Clinical Samples from Critically Ill Patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Jun 1. 201(11). 1435–1438. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0572 LE</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang Y., Chen S., Yang Z., Guan W., Liu D., Lin Z., Zhang Y., Xu Z., Liu X., Li Y. SARSCoV-2 Viral Load in Clinical Samples from Critically Ill Patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Jun 1. 201(11). 1435–1438. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0572 LE</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang W., Xu Y., Gao R., Lu R., Han K., Tan W. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens. JAMA. 2020 May 12. 323(18). 1843–1844. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.3786.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang W., Xu Y., Gao R., Lu R., Han K., Tan W. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens. JAMA. 2020 May 12. 323(18). 1843–1844. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.3786.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
