zabmedvestnikЗабайкальский медицинский вестникTransbaikalian Medical Bulletin1998-6173Читинская государственная медицинская академия10.52485/19986173_2026_2_162zabmedvestnik-653Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSСУБПОПУЛЯЦИИ Т-ЛИМФОЦИТОВ ПРИ КОЛОРЕКТАЛЬНОМ РАКЕT-LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS IN COLORECTAL CANCERhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-5841-3815МироновА. А.MironovA. A.

Миронов Андрей Александрович, аспирант кафедры госпитальной хирургии с курсом детской хирургии

672000, г. Чита, ул. Горького 39а

Andrey Alexandrovich Mironov, postgraduate student of the Department of Hospital Surgery with a course in pediatric surgery

amadinionio@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-2228-3351КрюковаВ. В.KryukovaV. V.

Крюкова Виктория Викторовна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры госпитальной хирургии с курсом детской хирургии 

672000, г. Чита, ул. Горького 39а

Victoria Viktorovna Kryukova, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Hospital Surgery with a course in pediatric surgery 

39a Gorky St., Chita, Russia, 672000

oigen72@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2166-5154ЦепелевВ. Л.TsepelevV. L.

Крюкова Виктория Викторовна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры госпитальной хирургии с курсом детской хирургии 

672000, г. Чита, ул. Горького 39а

Victor Lvovich Tsepelev, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Hospital Surgery with a course in pediatric surgery 

39a Gorky St., Chita, Russia, 672000

viktorcepelev@mail.ruФГБОУ ВО «Читинская государственная медицинская академия» Министерства здравоохранения РФРоссияChita State Medical AcademyRussian Federation20263007202602162174Copyright © Миронов А.А., Крюкова В.В., Цепелев В.Л., 20262026Миронов А.А., Крюкова В.В., Цепелев В.Л.Mironov A.A., Kryukova V.V., Tsepelev V.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.zabmedvestnik.ru/jour/article/view/653

В статье обобщены современные данные о составе, функциональном состоянии и роли субпопуляций Т-лимфоцитов в противоопухолевом иммунном ответе у пациентов с колоректальным раком. Проанализированы при колоректальном раке данные о CD8+, CD4+, регуляторных Т-клеток (Treg), тканерезистентных клеток памяти (TRM), а также нетрадиционных субпопуляций (iNKT и γδ-Т-клеток). Показано, что преобладание CD8+ и Th1 связано с благоприятным прогнозом, тогда как функциональное истощение Т-клеток ассоциировано с коэкспрессией PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3 и TIGIT, что отражает иммунную дисфункцию и может свидетельствовать о прогрессировании заболевания. Отмечено контекст-зависимое влияние Th2- и Th17-клеток. Описано функциональное истощение тканерезистентных CD8+ Trm-клеток в опухолевом микроокружении при прогрессировании заболевания.

Обзор показывает, что иммунный ландшафт колоректального рака формируется взаимодействием различных субпопуляций Т-лимфоцитов за счет функциональной и количественной неоднородности, подчеркивая важность данных характеристик для разработки прогностических биомаркеров и персонализированных стратегий

This review summarizes current data on the composition, functional state, and role of T-lymphocyte subpopulations engaged in the antitumour immune response in patients with colorectal carcinoma. The distinct functional states of CD8+, CD4+ T-cells, regulatory T-cells (Treg), tissue-resident memory T-cells (TRM) and unconventional lymphocyte populations- including invariant natural killer (iNKT) and γδ-T-cells- are examined within the colorectal tumour microenvironment. It has been shown that a prevalence of CD8+ and Th1 cells is associated with a favorable prognosis, whereas functional exhaustion of T cells with co-expression of PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3, and TIGIT reflects immune dysfunction and may indicate disease progression. A context-dependent influence of Th2 and Th17 cells has been noted. The functional exhaustion of tissue-resident memory CD8+ Trm cells in the tumor microenvironment during disease progression is described.

This review demonstrates that the immune landscape of colorectal cancer is shaped by the interplay of diverse T-lymphocyte subpopulations driven by their functional and quantitative heterogeneity, thereby underscoring the significance of these characteristics for the development of prognostic biomarkers and personalized immunotherapeutic strategies.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.