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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zabmedvestnik</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Забайкальский медицинский вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transbaikalian Medical Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1998-6173</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Читинская государственная медицинская академия</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52485/19986173_2025_4_112</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zabmedvestnik-465</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СКРИНИНГ РАКА МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ: ПРОТИВОРЕЧИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>BREAST CANCER SCREENING: CONTROVERSIES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4682-1811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каюкова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kayukova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каюкова Елена Владимировна – д.м.н., доцент, заведующая кафедрой онкологии WOS Research ID P-9795-2015.</p><p>672000, г. Чита, ул. Горького, 39а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kayukova E.V., Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Oncology Department WOS Research ID P-9795-2015.</p><p>39a Gorky St., Chita, 672000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena_pochta22@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбачева</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbacheva</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горбачева Ольга Николаевна – главный врач </p><p>672027, г. Чита, ул. Ленинградская, 104</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gorbacheva O.N., Chief Physician </p><p>104 Leningradskaya st. Chita, 672027</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ong.chita@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Читинская государственная медицинская академия» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chita State Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУЗ «Забайкальский краевой онкологический диспансер»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Trans-Baikal Regional Oncology Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>124</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каюкова Е.В., Горбачева О.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каюкова Е.В., Горбачева О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kayukova E.V., Gorbacheva O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zabmedvestnik.ru/jour/article/view/465">https://www.zabmedvestnik.ru/jour/article/view/465</self-uri><abstract><p>Рак молочной железы занимает лидирующее положение среди злокачественных новообразований у женщин. Скрининг играет ключевую роль в раннем выявлении заболевания, однако его эффективность зависит от множества факторов. Цель: обобщить результаты современных исследований, посвященных эффективности скрининга рака молочной железы, выявить существующие противоречия его проведения. Материалы и методы. Проведен систематический обзор оригинальных исследований и обзоров, опубликованных в базах данных PubMed, eLIBRARY и Google Scholar за период 2020–2025 гг., по ключевым словам «рак молочной железы», «скрининг», «эффективность скрининга». Результаты исследования. В статье подробно приводится эффективность методов диагностики, которые в разное время предлагались в качестве скринирующих методик: самообследование молочных желез, клинический осмотр врачом, УЗИ молочных желез, маммография, томосинтез, МРТ молочных желез. Согласно рекомендациям Всемирной организации здравоохранения, Европейского общества медицинской онкологии, Национальной всеобъемлющей онкологической сети, Ассоциации онкологов России, основным методом скрининга рака молочной железы для женщин в возрасте 40–74 года является маммография с периодичностью проведения 1 раз в 2 года или ежегодно. Противоречия скрининга обусловлены возможным возникновением психологической напряженности, риском получения неверного заключения, что связано с неабсолютной точностью маммографии, что требует дополнительных затрат на проведение дообследования и лечение неопухолевых заболеваний. Кроме этого, существует возможность реализации интервального рака молочной железы между раундами скрининга, прогностически более неблагоприятного. Для реализации основной цели скрининга необходимо придерживаться рекомендованной широты охвата населения, что не соблюдается во многих странах мира из-за низкого комплаенса населения медицинским услугам, недостаточной осведомленности. Заключение. Таким образом, несмотря на заметные успехи в реализации скрининга рака молочной железы, существуют нерешённые противоречия. Их устранение возможно путем проведения дальнейших исследований для повышения эффективности скрининговых программ и улучшения качества медицинской помощи.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. Breast cancer screening plays a key role in the it’s early detection, but i effectiveness of screening depends on many factors. Objective. To summarize the results of modern studies on the effectiveness of breast cancer screening, to identify contradictions in its implementation. Materials and methods. The systematic review of original publications and reviews was performed. The study included publications in the PubMed, eLIBRARY and Google Scholar databases for the period 2020– 2025, using the keywords "breast cancer", "screening", "screening effectiveness". Research results. The article provides a detailed description of the effectiveness of diagnostic methods that have been proposed at different times as screening methods: breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, breast ultrasonography, mammography, tomosynthesis, breast magnetic resonance imaging. According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, the European Society for Medical Oncology, the National Comprehensive Oncology Network, and the Russian Association of Oncologists, the main method of breast cancer screening for women aged 40–74 is mammography, performed every 2 years or annually. The contradictions of screening are caused by the possible occurrence of psychological stress, the risk of obtaining an incorrect conclusion, which is associated with the imperfect accuracy of mammography. This requires additional costs for additional examination and retreatment of non-neoplastic diseases. In addition, there is a possibility of implementing interval breast cancer between screening rounds, which is prognostically more unfavorable. To achieve the main goal of screening, it is necessary to adhere to the recommended breadth of population coverage, which is not observed in many countries of the world due to low compliance of the population with medical services, insufficient awareness. Conclusion. Thus, despite significant success in the implementation of breast cancer screening, there are still unresolved contradictions. They can be eliminated by conducting further research to increase the effectiveness of screening programs and improve the quality of medical care.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd><kwd>маммография</kwd><kwd>гипердиагностика</kwd><kwd>гиподиагностика</kwd><kwd>эффективность скрининга</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd><kwd>mammography</kwd><kwd>overdiagnosis</kwd><kwd>underdiagnosis</kwd><kwd>screening effectiveness</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bray F., Laversanne M., Sung H., et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. 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