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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zabmedvestnik</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Забайкальский медицинский вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transbaikalian Medical Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1998-6173</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Читинская государственная медицинская академия</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52485/19986173_2025_2_152</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zabmedvestnik-374</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Плоскостные регионарные блокады</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plane regional blocks</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6825-7599</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ямщиков</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yamshchikov</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Николаевич Ямщиков, д. м. н., профессор</p><p>институт медицины и здоровьесбережения; кафедра госпитальной хирургии с курсом травматологии </p><p>392000; ул. Интернациональная, 33; Тамбов; 393190; ул. Пионерская, 24; Тамбовская область; Котовск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor</p><p>Institute of Medicine and Healthcare; Department of Hospital Surgery with a course in Traumatology</p><p>392000; 33 Internatsionalnaya Street; Tambov; 393190; 24 Pionerskaya St.; Tambov region; Kotovsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yamschikov.oleg@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9387-3374</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Петрович Марченко, к. м. н., доцент</p><p>институт медицины и здоровьесбережения; кафедра госпитальной хирургии с курсом травматологии</p><p>392000; ул. Интернациональная, 33; Тамбов; 393190; ул. Пионерская, 24; Тамбовская область; Котовск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor</p><p>Institute of Medicine and Healthcare; Department of Hospital Surgery with a course in Traumatology</p><p>392000; 33 Internatsionalnaya Street; Tambov; 393190; 24 Pionerskaya St.; Tambov region; Kotovsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sashamarchen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5550-4199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емельянов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelianov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Александрович Емельянов, к. м. н., доцент</p><p>институт медицины и здоровьесбережения; кафедра госпитальной хирургии с курсом травматологии</p><p>392000; ул. Интернациональная, 33; Тамбов; 393190; ул. Пионерская, 24; Тамбовская область; Котовск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor</p><p>Institute of Medicine and Healthcare; Department of HospitalSurgery with a course in Traumatology</p><p>392000; 33 Internatsionalnaya Street; Tambov; 393190; 24 Pionerskaya St.; Tambov region; Kotovsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cep_a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4223-5038</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Алексеевна Игнатова, врач-анестезиолог-реаниматолог</p><p>392000; ул. Карла Маркса, д.234/365; Тамбов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>anesthesiologist-resuscitator</p><p>392000; 234/365 Karl Marks Street; Tambov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ignatowa.svet2015@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6710-1024</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Македонская</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makedonskaya</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Владимировна Македонская, студент</p><p>медицинский институт; лечебное дело</p><p>117198; ул. Миклухо-Маклая д. 6; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p><p>Medical Institute; general medicine</p><p>117198; 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i_riniya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6612-794X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наиля Александровна Марченко, студент</p><p>медицина и здоровьесбережение; лечебное дело</p><p>392000; ул. Интернациональная, 33; Тамбов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p><p>Institute of Medicine and Healthcare; general medicine</p><p>392000; 33 Internatsionalnaya Street; Tambov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marchenkonaily@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Тамбовский государственный университет имени Г.Р. Державина»,&#13;
Институт медицины и здоровьесбережения; ТОГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница г. Котовска»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Institute of medicine and health care; City Clinical Hospital of Kotovsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ТОГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 3 им. И.С. Долгушина г. Тамбова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital named after I.S. Dolgushin №. 3</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы», Медицинский институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Тамбовский государственный университет имени Г.Р. Державина»,&#13;
Институт медицины и здоровьесбережения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Institute of medicine and health care</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>152</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ямщиков О.Н., Марченко А.П., Емельянов С.А., Игнатова С.А., Македонская И.В., Марченко Н.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ямщиков О.Н., Марченко А.П., Емельянов С.А., Игнатова С.А., Македонская И.В., Марченко Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yamshchikov O.N., Marchenko A.P., Emelianov S.A., Ignatova S.A., Makedonskaya I.V., Marchenko N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zabmedvestnik.ru/jour/article/view/374">https://www.zabmedvestnik.ru/jour/article/view/374</self-uri><abstract><p>   Парадигма современного анестезиологического обеспечения включает в себя мультимодальность обезболивания, одним из главных компонентов которой является прерывание передачи афферентного болевого импульса на этапе трансмиссии. Регионарные периферические блокады успешно справляются с этой задачей. Блокады периферических нервов, проходящих в плоских межмышечных и межфасциальных пространствах, в последнее время стали все чаще применяться как компонент операционного и послеоперационного обезболивания. Объясняется это широким внедрением ультразвуковой навигации при проведении анестезиологических и реанимационных манипуляций, что дает хорошую визуализацию анатомических структур, возможность контроля продвижения иглы, позиционирования ее дистального конца и контроля распространения местного анестетика. Наиболее часто выполняемыми являются такие плоскостные блоки, как поперечно-плоскостная блокада в области передней брюшной стенки, блокада грудных нервов, блокада в плоскости мышц, выправляющих спину, блокада влагалища прямой мышцы живота, паравертебральная блокада. Все эти методики объединяет поверхностное расположение анатомических структур и их хорошая ультразвуковая визуализация, отсутствие рядом расположенных крупных сосудов и нервных стволов, что сводит к минимуму непреднамеренное ранение сосудов и нервов, использование низких доз местных анестетиков, что сводит к минимуму риск развития системной токсичности, а также минимальное воздействие на гемодинамику, хороший и предсказуемый анальгетический эффект. В данной статье рассматривается анатомия, показания, методики проведения шести наиболее часто выполняемых плоскостных блокад, которые способны обеспечить эффективное операционное и послеоперационное обезболивание, раннюю активизацию, комфорт пациентов и сокращение сроков госпитализации. Популяризации этих видов плоскостных блокад будет способствовать информирование врачей-анестезиологов о технических особенностях их проведения и тех преимуществах, которые они предоставляют.</p><sec><title>   Цель исследования</title><p>   Цель исследования: обобщить и представить современные сведения о наиболее часто выполняемых и наиболее эффективных регионарных периферических плоскостных блокадах.</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. При написании статьи проведен анализ литературы по регионарным периферическим плоскостным блокадам из открытых электронных научных баз данных PubMed, национальной электронной медицинской библиотеки США и баз данных российской научной электронной библиотеки Elibrary и Сyberleninka.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Соноскопически хорошо визуализируемые анатомические ориентиры, отсутствие близко расположенных крупных сосудистых и нервных образований, хороший пролонгированный анальгетический эффект даже при однократном введении местного анестетика, возможность продленного обезболивания с использованием катетерных технологий при проведении регионарных плоскостных блокад создают условия для безопасного, безопиоидного и технически простого в выполнении послеоперационного обезболивания, что в совокупности способствует все более широкому применению этих видов блокад.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The paradigm of current anesthesiological provision includes multimodality of anesthesia, one of the main components of which is the interruption of the transmission of an afferent pain impulse at the transmission stage. Regional peripheral blocks successfully cope with this task. Blocks of peripheral nerves passing through the flat intermuscular and interfacial spaces have recently become increasingly used as a component of surgical and postoperative anesthesia. This is explained by the widespread introduction of ultrasound navigation during anesthesiological and resuscitation manipulations, which provides good visualization of anatomical structures, the ability to control the movement of the needle, positioning its distal end and control the spread of local anesthetic. The most frequently performed are such planar blocks as: transversely planar block in the anterior abdominal wall, block of the thoracic nerves, block in the plane of the muscles straightening the back, block of the vagina of the rectus abdominis muscle, paravertebral block. All these techniques are united by the superficial location of anatomical structures and their good ultrasound imaging, the absence of nearby large vessels and nerve trunks, which minimizes unintentional injury of vessels and nerves, the use of low doses of local anesthetics, which minimizes the risk of systemic toxicity, as well as minimal effects on hemodynamics, a good and predictable analgesic effect. This article discusses the anatomy, indications, and techniques of the six most frequently performed planar blocks, which are able to provide effective surgical and postoperative anesthesia, early activation, patient comfort, and shorter hospitalization times. The popularization of these types of planar blocks will be facilitated by informing anesthesiologists about the technical features of their implementation and the advantages they provide.</p><sec><title>   Aim</title><p>   Aim. To summarize and present up-to-date information on the most frequently performed and most effective regional peripheral planar blocks.</p></sec><sec><title>   Materials and methods</title><p>   Materials and methods. When writing the article, the literature on regional peripheral planar blocks was analyzed from the open electronic scientific databases PubMed, the national electronic medical library of the USA and the databases of the Russian scientific electronic library Elibrary and Cyberleninka.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. Sonoscopically well-visualized anatomical landmarks, the absence of closely located large vascular and nerve formations, a good prolonged analgesic effect even with a single injection of a local anesthetic, the possibility of prolonged anesthesia using catheter technologies during regional planar blocks creates conditions for safe, opioid-free and technically easy to perform postoperative anesthesia, which together contributes to an increasingly widespread use these types of blocks.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>блокада периферических нервов</kwd><kwd>регионарная анестезия</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковая диагностика</kwd><kwd>плоскостные блоки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>block of peripheral nerves</kwd><kwd>regional anesthesia</kwd><kwd>ultrasound diagnostics</kwd><kwd>plane blocks</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не имеет спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study has no sponsorship</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Затевахин И.И., Пасечник И.Н. 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