<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zabmedvestnik</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Забайкальский медицинский вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transbaikalian Medical Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1998-6173</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Читинская государственная медицинская академия</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52485/19986173_2024_4_86</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zabmedvestnik-357</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КОРРЕКЦИЯ ДИСБАЛАНСА КАЛЬЦИЯ И ФОСФОРА В ПРАКТИКЕ ДЕТСКОЙ ИНТЕНСИВНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CORRECTION OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE IMBALANCE IN PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE PRACTICE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-3823</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быков</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykov</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Быков Юрий Витальевич, к.м.н., доцент кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии</p><p>355017, г. Ставрополь, ул. Мира, 310</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bykov Y.V., Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care </p><p>310 Mira St., Stavropol, Russia, 355017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yubykov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9990-7272</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обедин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Obedin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Обедин Александр Николаевич, д.м.н, заведующий кафедрой анестезиологии, реаниматологии</p><p>355017, г. Ставрополь, ул. Мира, 310; 355002, г. Ставрополь, ул. Семашко 3/1</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Obedin A.N., Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care </p><p>310 Mira St., Stavropol, Russia, 355017; 3/1 Semashko St.,Stavropol, Russia, 355002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volander@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4729-5101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зинченко</surname><given-names>О. B.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinchenko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зинченко Олег Васильевич, к.м.н., доцент кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии</p><p>355017, г. Ставрополь, ул. Мира, 310</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zinchenko O.V., Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care </p><p>310 Mira St., Stavropol, Russia, 355017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">regionar2008@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4460-870X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муравьёва</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muravyeva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Муравьёва Алла Анатольевна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии</p><p>355017, г. Ставрополь, ул. Мира, 310</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Muravyeva A.A., Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care</p><p>310 Mira St., Stavropol, Russia, 355017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">muravyeva81@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5482-8581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцук</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatsuk</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яцук Иван Викторович, к.м.н., доцент кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии</p><p>355017, г. Ставрополь, ул. Мира, 310; 355032, г. Ставрополь, ул. Тухачевского 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yatsuk I.V., Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care</p><p>310 Mira St., Stavropol, Russia, 355017; 17 Tukhachevsky St., Stavropol, Russia, 355032</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yatsukiv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9841-6930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волков</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волков Евгений Владимирович, к.м.н., доцент кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии</p><p>355017, г. Ставрополь, ул. Мира, 310; 355002, г. Ставрополь, ул. Семашко 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Volkov E.V., Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care </p><p>310 Mira St., Stavropol, Russia, 355017; 1 Semashko St., Stavropol, Russia, 355002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volkov26@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1494-1613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фишер</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fischer</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фишер Василий Владимирович, к.м.н., доцент кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии</p><p>355017, г. Ставрополь, ул. Мира, 310; 356240, г. Ставрополь, ул. Ленина 1</p><sec><title> </title></sec></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fischer V.V., Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care</p><p>310 Mira St., Stavropol, Russia, 355017; 1 Lenin St., Stavropol, Russia, 356240</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvfisher26@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ$ &#13;
ГБУЗ Ставропольского края «Ставропольский краевой клинический перинатальный центр № 1» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol State Medical University; &#13;
Stavropol City Clinical Emergency Hospital No. 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ; &#13;
ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница скорой медицинской помощи города Ставрополя» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol State Medical University; &#13;
Stavropol City Clinical Emergency Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ; &#13;
ГБУЗ «Ставропольская краевая клиническая больница» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol State Medical University; &#13;
Stavropol Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения РФ; &#13;
ГБУЗ «Шпаковская районная больница» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol State Medical University; &#13;
Shpakovskaya District Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Быков Ю.В., Обедин А.Н., Зинченко О.B., Муравьёва А.А., Яцук И.В., Волков Е.В., Фишер В.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Быков Ю.В., Обедин А.Н., Зинченко О.B., Муравьёва А.А., Яцук И.В., Волков Е.В., Фишер В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bykov Y.V., Obedin A.N., Zinchenko O.V., Muravyeva A.A., Yatsuk I.V., Volkov E.V., Fischer V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zabmedvestnik.ru/jour/article/view/357">https://www.zabmedvestnik.ru/jour/article/view/357</self-uri><abstract><p>Несмотря на то, что дисбаланс кальция (Ca2+) и фосфора (Р) является частым электролитным нарушением в практике детской интенсивной терапии, он нередко упускается из виду в связи с неспецифической симптоматикой и превалированием других электролитных расстройств (калий, натрий, магний). Физиологическая роль Ca2+ и Р крайне важна для поддержания основных систем организма, а выраженное снижение или повышение уровня данных электролитов может приводить к декомпенсациям жизненно важных систем, что увеличивает риск летального исхода у тяжелобольных детей. При многих ургентных состояниях необходим постоянный контроль Ca2+ и Р в сыворотке крови для своевременной диагностики состояний гипо- и гиперкальциемии, гипо- и гиперфосфатемии в связи с тем, что специфическая клиническая симптоматика зачастую отсутствует. Обьём интенсивной терапии у детей и подростков при дисбалансе данных электролитов в первую очередь зависит от выраженности истощения или интоксикации Ca2+ и Р, а также от наличия фонового заболевания, провоцирующего эти электролитные расстройства. На фоне состояния тяжёлой гипокальциемии и гипофосфатемии в условиях отделений реанимации и интенсивной терапии препаратами выбора являются парентеральные формы Ca2+ и Р.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite the high prevalence of calcium (Ca2+) and phosphate (P) imbalance in pediatric intensive care practice, this electrolyte disturbance is often overlooked because of its non-specific symptoms and the higher prevalence of imbalances involving other electrolytes (potassium, sodium, magnesium). The physiological role of Ca2+ and P makes them extremely important for supporting the body's major systems, and a significant fall or rise of the levels of these electrolytes can lead to decompensation of vital systems, increasing the risk of death in critically ill children. Many urgent conditions call for constant monitoring of Ca and P levels in blood serum for early detection of hypo- and hypercalcemia, as well as hypo- and hyperphosphatemia, because often no specific symptoms are present in these conditions. The amount of intensive therapy measures required in a child or adolescent with such an electrolyte imbalance is determined primarily by severity of the Ca2+ and P deficiency or toxicity, and by the presence of any background discase that triggers this electrolyte disorder. In an intensive care unit, the treatments of choice for severe hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia are parenteral preparations of Ca2+ and P.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кальций</kwd><kwd>фосфор</kwd><kwd>дисбаланс</kwd><kwd>дети и подростки</kwd><kwd>интенсивная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>calcium</kwd><kwd>phosphate</kwd><kwd>imbalance</kwd><kwd>children and adolescents</kwd><kwd>intensive therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anghel L., Manole C., Nechita A. et al. Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium Abnormalities Associated with COVID-19 Infection, and Beyond. Biomedicines. 2023. 11 (9). 2362. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092362.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anghel L., Manole C., Nechita A. et al. Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium Abnormalities Associated with COVID-19 Infection, and Beyond. Biomedicines. 2023. 11 (9). 2362. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092362.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaker J.L., Deftos L. Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis. Endotext [Internet]. 2023. Bookshelf ID: NBK279023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaker J.L., Deftos L. Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis. Endotext [Internet]. 2023. Bookshelf ID: NBK279023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun M., Wu X., Yu Y. et al. Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism and the Proteomics/ Metabolomics-Based Research. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020. 8. 576110. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun M., Wu X., Yu Y. et al. Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism and the Proteomics/ Metabolomics-Based Research. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020. 8. 576110. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thongprayoon C., Cheungpasitporn W., Chewcharat A. et al. Hospital mortality and long-term mortality among hospitalized patients with various admission serum ionized calcium levels. Postgrad Med. 2020. 132 (4). 385–390. DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1728980.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thongprayoon C., Cheungpasitporn W., Chewcharat A. et al. Hospital mortality and long-term mortality among hospitalized patients with various admission serum ionized calcium levels. Postgrad Med. 2020. 132 (4). 385–390. DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1728980</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamroun A., Pekar J.D., Lionet A. et al. Ionized calcium: analytical challenges and clinical relevance. JLPM. 2020. 5. 1–16. DOI: 10.21037/jlpm-20-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamroun A., Pekar J.D., Lionet A. et al. Ionized calcium: analytical challenges and clinical relevance. JLPM. 2020. 5. 1–16. DOI: 10.21037/jlpm-20-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tinaw M. Disorders of Calcium Metabolism: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia. Cureus. 2021. 13 (1). 12420. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12420</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tinaw M. Disorders of Calcium Metabolism: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia. Cureus. 2021. 13 (1). 12420. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12420</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadiq N.M., Patel G., Badireddy M. Hypercalcemia. StatPearls [Internet]. 2024. Bookshelf ID: NBK430714</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadiq N.M., Patel G., Badireddy M. Hypercalcemia. StatPearls [Internet]. 2024. Bookshelf ID: NBK430714</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giuliano C.A., Perets V., Hijazi M. et al. Dose-response of intravenous calcium in the surgical intensive care unit. Int J Clin Pharm 2021. 43. 246–250. DOI: 10.1007/s11096-020-01145-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giuliano C.A., Perets V., Hijazi M. et al. Dose-response of intravenous calcium in the surgical intensive care unit. Int J Clin Pharm 2021. 43. 246–250. DOI: 10.1007/s11096-020-01145-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao J., Liu M., Yu D. et al. Serum calcium and mortality in pediatric pneumonia patients admitted to the PICU: a retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep. 2024. 14 (1). 18683. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69885-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao J., Liu M., Yu D. et al. Serum calcium and mortality in pediatric pneumonia patients admitted to the PICU: a retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep. 2024. 14 (1). 18683. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69885-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chonchol M., Smogorzewski M., Stubbs J., Yu A.S. Brenner &amp; Rector's The Kidney. Vol. 11. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Inc; 2019. Disorders of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate balance; p. 613.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chonchol M., Smogorzewski M., Stubbs J., Yu A.S. Brenner &amp; Rector's The Kidney. Vol. 11. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Inc; 2019. Disorders of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate balance; p. 613.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Melchers M., van Zanten A.R. Management of hypocalcaemia in the critically ill. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2023. 29 (4). 330–338. DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001059.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melchers M., van Zanten A.R. Management of hypocalcaemia in the critically ill. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2023. 29 (4). 330–338. DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001059</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goyal A., Anastasopoulou C., Ngu M., Singh S. Hypocalcemia. StatPearls [Internet]. 2023. Bookshelf ID: NBK430912.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goyal A., Anastasopoulou C., Ngu M., Singh S. Hypocalcemia. StatPearls [Internet]. 2023. Bookshelf ID: NBK430912.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bharill S., WuIn M. Brief: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia in Children. Pediatr Rev. 2023. 44 (9). 533– 536. DOI: 10.1542/pir.2022-005578.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bharill S., WuIn M. Brief: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia in Children. Pediatr Rev. 2023. 44 (9). 533– 536. DOI: 10.1542/pir.2022-005578.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vuralli D. Clinical Approach to Hypocalcemia in Newborn Period and Infancy: Who Should Be Treated? Int J Pediatr. 2019; 2019 : 4318075. DOI: 10.1155/2019/4318075.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vuralli D. Clinical Approach to Hypocalcemia in Newborn Period and Infancy: Who Should Be Treated? Int J Pediatr. 2019; 2019 : 4318075. DOI: 10.1155/2019/4318075.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He W., Huang L., Luo H. et al. The positive and negative effects of calcium supplementation on mortality in septic ICU patients depend on disease severity: a retrospective study from the MIMIC-III. Crit Care Res Pract 2022. 2022. 2520695. DOI: 10.1155/2022/2520695.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He W., Huang L., Luo H. et al. The positive and negative effects of calcium supplementation on mortality in septic ICU patients depend on disease severity: a retrospective study from the MIMIC-III. Crit Care Res Pract 2022. 2022. 2520695. DOI: 10.1155/2022/2520695.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kestenbaum B., Houillier P. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. Vol. 6. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Inc; 2018. Disorders of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium metabolism; pp. 124–141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kestenbaum B., Houillier P. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. Vol. 6. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Inc; 2018. Disorders of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium metabolism; pp. 124–141.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kronstedt S., Roberts N., Ditzel R. et al. Hypocalcemia as a predictor of mortality and transfusion. A scoping review of hypocalcemia in trauma and hemostatic resuscitation. Transfusion. 2022. 62 (1). 158– 166. DOI: 10.1111/trf.16965</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kronstedt S., Roberts N., Ditzel R. et al. Hypocalcemia as a predictor of mortality and transfusion. A scoping review of hypocalcemia in trauma and hemostatic resuscitation. Transfusion. 2022. 62 (1). 158– 166. DOI: 10.1111/trf.16965</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Catalano A., Chilà D., Bellone F. et al. Incidence of hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients: Is it changing? J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2018. 13. 9-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2018.05.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Catalano A., Chilà D., Bellone F. et al. Incidence of hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients: Is it changing? J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2018. 13. 9-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2018.05.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zagzag J., Hu M.I., Fisher S.B. et al. Hypercalcemia and cancer: differential diagnosis and treatment. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018. 68. 377–386. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21489.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zagzag J., Hu M.I., Fisher S.B. et al. Hypercalcemia and cancer: differential diagnosis and treatment. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018. 68. 377–386. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21489.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Renaghan A.D, Rosner M.H. Hypercalcemia: etiology and management. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2018. 33. 549–551. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy054.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Renaghan A.D, Rosner M.H. Hypercalcemia: etiology and management. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2018. 33. 549–551. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy054.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tonon C.R., Silva T.A, Pereira F.W. et al. A Review of Current Clinical Concepts in the Pathophysiology, Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Hypercalcemia. Med Sci Monit. 2022. 28. 935821. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.935821.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tonon C.R., Silva T.A, Pereira F.W. et al. A Review of Current Clinical Concepts in the Pathophysiology, Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Hypercalcemia. Med Sci Monit. 2022. 28. 935821. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.935821.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reintam Blaser A., Gunst J., Ichai C. et al. Hypophosphatemia in critically ill adults and children – A systematic review. Clin Nutr. 2021. 40 (4). 1744–1754. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.045.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reintam Blaser A., Gunst J., Ichai C. et al. Hypophosphatemia in critically ill adults and children - A systematic review. Clin Nutr. 2021. 40 (4). 1744–1754. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.045.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma S., Hashmi M.F., Kaur J., Castro D. Hypophosphatemia. StatPearls [Internet]. 2024. Bookshelf ID: NBK493172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma S., Hashmi M.F., Kaur J., Castro D. Hypophosphatemia. StatPearls [Internet]. 2024. Bookshelf ID: NBK493172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vijaywargiya T., Maurya S., Mohapatra S. Phosphorus abnormalities in a paediatric intensive care unit in North India. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health. 2023. 52 (4). 451–456. DOI: 10.4038/sljch.v52i4.10619.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vijaywargiya T., Maurya S., Mohapatra S. Phosphorus abnormalities in a paediatric intensive care unit in North India. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health. 2023. 52 (4). 451–456. DOI: 10.4038/sljch.v52i4.10619</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koljonen L., Enlund-Cerullo M., Hauta-Alus H. et al. Phosphate Concentrations and Modifying Factors in Healthy Children From 12 to 24 Months of Age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021. 106 (10). 2865–2875. DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab495.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koljonen L., Enlund-Cerullo M., Hauta-Alus H. et al. Phosphate Concentrations and Modifying Factors in Healthy Children From 12 to 24 Months of Age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021. 106 (10). 2865-2875. DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab495.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berger M.M.,Appelberg O., Reintam-BlaserA. et al. ESICM-MEN section. Prevalence of hypophosphatemia in the ICU - Results of an international one-day point prevalence survey. Clin Nutr. 2021. 40 (5). 3615– 3621. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berger M.M.,Appelberg O., Reintam-BlaserA. et al. ESICM-MEN section. Prevalence of hypophosphatemia in the ICU - Results of an international one-day point prevalence survey. Clin Nutr. 2021. 40 (5). 3615– 3621. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalantar-Zadeh K., Ganz T., Trumbo H. et al. Parenteral iron therapy and phosphorus homeostasis: A review. Am J Hematol. 2021. 96 (5). 606–616. DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalantar-Zadeh K., Ganz T., Trumbo H. et al. Parenteral iron therapy and phosphorus homeostasis: A review. Am J Hematol. 2021. 96 (5). 606–616. DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26100.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akbaş Y., Koker A., Erkek N. Are we aware that hyperphosphatemia affects mortality and morbidity as much as hypophosphatemia in pediatric intensive care patients? Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2019. 17. 35–40. DOI: 10.17458/per.vol17.2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akbaş Y., Koker A., Erkek N. Are we aware that hyperphosphatemia affects mortality and morbidity as much as hypophosphatemia in pediatric intensive care patients? Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2019. 17. 35–40. DOI: 10.17458/per.vol17.2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veldscholte K., Veen M.A., Eveleens R.D. et al. Early hypophosphatemia in critically ill children and the effect of parenteral nutrition: A secondary analysis of the PEPaNIC RCT. Clinical nutritional. 2022. 41 (11). 2500-2508. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.09.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veldscholte K., Veen M.A., Eveleens R.D. et al. Early hypophosphatemia in critically ill children and the effect of parenteral nutrition: A secondary analysis of the PEPaNIC RCT. Clinical nutritional. 2022. 41 (11). 2500-2508. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.09.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Portales-Castillo I, Rieg I, Khalid S.B. et al. Physiopathology of Phosphate Disorders. Adv Kidney Dis Health. 2023; 30 (2) : 177–188. DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2022.12.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Portales-Castillo I, Rieg I, Khalid S.B. et al. Physiopathology of Phosphate Disorders. Adv Kidney Dis Health. 2023; 30 (2) : 177–188. DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2022.12.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Florenzano P., Cipriani C., Roszko K.L. et al. Approach to patients with hypophosphataemia. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020. 8. 163–174. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30426-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Florenzano P., Cipriani C., Roszko K.L. et al. Approach to patients with hypophosphataemia. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020. 8. 163–174. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30426-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uday S., Sakka S., Davies J.H. et al. Elemental formula associated hypophosphataemic rickets. Clin Nutr. 2019. 38(5). 2246-2250. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.09.028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uday S., Sakka S., Davies J.H. et al. Elemental formula associated hypophosphataemic rickets. Clin Nutr. 2019. 38 (5). 2246–2250. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.09.028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou X., He J., Zhu D. et al. Relationship between serum phosphate and mortality in critically ill children receiving continuous renal replacement therapy. Front Pediatr. 2023. 11. 1129156. DOI: 10.3389/ fped.2023.1129156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou X., He J., Zhu D. et al. Relationship between serum phosphate and mortality in critically ill children receiving continuous renal replacement therapy. Front Pediatr. 2023. 11. 1129156. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1129156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmed F.A., Begum M., Al Sharhan M.A. Spurious Hyperphosphatemia in Two Children With End-Stage Renal Disease: A Case Report. Cureus. 2024. 16 (3). 55818. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55818.Rout P., Jialal I. Hyperphosphatemia. StatPearls [Internet]. 2023. Bookshelf ID: NBK551586.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmed F.A., Begum M., Al Sharhan M.A. Spurious Hyperphosphatemia in Two Children With End-Stage Renal Disease: A Case Report. Cureus. 2024. 16 (3). 55818. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55818.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng W.H., Yao Y., Zhou H. et al. Hyperphosphatemia and Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients: ASystematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022. 9. 870637. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.870637.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rout P., Jialal I. Hyperphosphatemia. StatPearls [Internet]. 2023. Bookshelf ID: NBK551586.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lingappa L., Ichikawa S., Gray A.K. et al. An Unusual Combination of Neurological Manifestations and Sudden Vision Loss in a Child with Familial Hyperphosphatemic Tumoral Calcinosis. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2019. 22 (3). 327–331. DOI: 10.4103/aian.AIAN_191_18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheng W.H., Yao Y., Zhou H. et al. Hyperphosphatemia and Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients: ASystematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022. 9. 870637. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.870637.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rugg C., Bachler M., Kammerlander R. et al. ICU-Admission Hyperphosphataemia Is Related to Shock and Tissue Damage, Indicating Injury Severity and Mortality in Polytrauma Patients. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021. 11 (9). 1548. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091548.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lingappa L., Ichikawa S., Gray A.K. et al. An Unusual Combination of Neurological Manifestations and Sudden Vision Loss in a Child with Familial Hyperphosphatemic Tumoral Calcinosis. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2019. 22 (3). 327–331. DOI: 10.4103/aian.AIAN_191_18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rugg C., Bachler M., Kammerlander R. et al. ICU-Admission Hyperphosphataemia Is Related to Shock and Tissue Damage, Indicating Injury Severity and Mortality in Polytrauma Patients. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021. 11 (9). 1548. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091548.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rugg C., Bachler M., Kammerlander R. et al. ICU-Admission Hyperphosphataemia Is Related to Shock and Tissue Damage, Indicating Injury Severity and Mortality in Polytrauma Patients. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021. 11 (9). 1548. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091548.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
