zabmedvestnikЗабайкальский медицинский вестникTransbaikalian Medical Bulletin1998-6173Читинская государственная медицинская академия10.52485/19986173_2024_1_109zabmedvestnik-14Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSМАТЕРИНСКОЕ ГРУДНОЕ МОЛОКО И ЕГО СОСТАВ С ПОЗИЦИИ РАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ВСКАРМЛИВАНИЯ РЕБЕНКАMATERNAL BREAST MILK AND ITS COMPOSITION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF RATIONAL FEEDING OF THE CHILDАнтоновО. В.AntonovО. V.

644099, ул. Ленина, 12

12 Lenin Str., Omsk, 644099

ГапароваТ. С.GaparovaТ. S.

644099, ул. Ленина, 12

12 Lenin Str., Omsk, 644099

АнтоновП. О.AntonovР. О.

г. Омск, 644103, ул. 60 лет Победы, 18

60 let Pobedy Str., 18, Omsk, 644103

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияOmsk State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФедеральное государственное казенное образовательное учреждение «Омский кадетский военный корпус» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссияOmsk Cadet Military CorpsRussian Federation20241705202401109119Copyright © Антонов О.В., Гапарова Т.С., Антонов П.О., 20242024Антонов О.В., Гапарова Т.С., Антонов П.О.Antonov О.V., Gaparova Т.S., Antonov Р.О.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.zabmedvestnik.ru/jour/article/view/14

В обзоре литературы рассматриваются состав и свойства материнского грудного молока и его влияние на комплексный процесс развития организма человека с позиций современной педиатрической науки и практики. Различные смеси для искусственного вскармливания имеют много общего с грудным молоком по ряду нутриентов, но идеальной замены нет. Состав грудного молока может существенно варьировать в зависимости от периода лактации, действия факторов окружающей среды, включая рацион питания и образ жизни матери. Отмечено, что для обеспечения нормального роста ребенка может быть недостаточно витаминов D и К, поэтому рекомендуется их дополнительная дотация. Ранее считалось, что грудное молоко здоровой женщины стерильно. Однако несколько последующих исследований обнаружили наличие разнообразной микрофлоры в грудном молоке. Наконец, материнское молоко содержит микроРНК, которая играет роль в различных функциях, таких как иммунопротекция и программирование дальнейшего развития человека. Таким образом, с позиции рационального вскармливания, материнское грудное молоко является лучшим из возможных источников питания для младенца.

The literature review examines the composition and properties of maternal breast milk and its impact on the complex process of human body development from the standpoint of modern pediatric science and practice. Various artificial feeding mixtures have a lot in common with breast milk for a number of nutrients, but there is no ideal replacement. The composition of breast milk can vary significantly depending on the lactation period, the effects of environmental factors, including the diet and lifestyle of the mother. It is noted that vitamins D and K may not be enough to ensure the normal growth of the child, therefore their additional subsidy is recommended. Previously, it was believed that breast milk of a healthy woman is sterile. However, several subsequent studies have found the presence of a diverse microflora in breast milk. Finally, mother's milk contains microRNA, which plays a role in various functions, such as immunoprotection and programming of further human development. Thus, from the perspective of rational feeding, maternal breast milk is the best possible source of nutrition for the baby.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.